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Hiring Fullstack Engineers: The Complete Guide

Market Snapshot
Senior Salary (US)
$150k – $200k
Hiring Difficulty Hard
Easy Hard
Avg. Time to Hire 4-6 weeks

Data Engineer

Definition

A Data Engineer is a technical professional who designs, builds, and maintains software systems using programming languages and development frameworks. This specialized role requires deep technical expertise, continuous learning, and collaboration with cross-functional teams to deliver high-quality software products that meet business needs.

Data Engineer is a fundamental concept in tech recruiting and talent acquisition. In the context of hiring developers and technical professionals, data engineer plays a crucial role in connecting organizations with the right talent. Whether you're a recruiter, hiring manager, or candidate, understanding data engineer helps navigate the complex landscape of modern tech hiring. This concept is particularly important for developer-focused recruiting where technical expertise and cultural fit must be carefully balanced.

What Fullstack Engineers Do

What They Build

Notion

Collaborative Editor

Real-time document editing with blocks, databases, and sync.

ReactNode.jsWebSockets
Vercel

Deploy Platform

Git-based deployments with serverless functions and edge runtime.

Next.jsServerlessCDN
Linear

Issue Tracker

Fast, keyboard-driven project management with offline sync.

ReactGraphQLSync
Retool

Internal Tools

Low-code platform for building internal applications.

ReactAPIsDatabases

When to Hire Fullstack vs. Specialists

Fullstack Works Best When:

  • Small teams (< 10 engineers): Everyone needs to wear multiple hats
  • Feature-focused work: End-to-end ownership reduces handoffs
  • Rapid iteration: Context-switching costs less than communication overhead
  • Startups and MVPs: Versatility over deep specialization
  • Product engineering: Understanding full context matters

Specialists Work Best When:

  • Complex frontend requirements: Advanced animations, accessibility, performance
  • Scale challenges: Distributed systems, high-throughput backends
  • Large teams: Specialization enables deeper expertise
  • Platform work: Infrastructure, data engineering, security
  • Distinct skill requirements: Very different frontend vs backend needs

The Fullstack Skill Tradeoff

Depth vs. Breadth

Fullstack engineers know more things less deeply than specialists:

Area Specialist Fullstack
Frontend Expert-level React, advanced CSS Solid React, good CSS
Backend Distributed systems, complex APIs Standard APIs, basic scaling
Database Query optimization, architecture CRUD operations, basic optimization
DevOps Infrastructure as code, Kubernetes Basic Docker, deployment

The hiring implication: Don't expect fullstack engineers to match specialists in any single area. Evaluate breadth and the ability to learn, not maximum depth.


Assessing Fullstack Skills

Technical Evaluation

Frontend Assessment (30-40%):

  • Build a simple component
  • Discuss state management approaches
  • Basic CSS and responsive design

Backend Assessment (30-40%):

  • Design a simple API
  • Database schema discussion
  • Authentication and basic security

Integration (20-30%):

  • How would you connect frontend to backend?
  • Discuss deployment and monitoring
  • Error handling across the stack

Key Differentiators

Strong fullstack candidates:

  • Can work in unfamiliar areas with minimal ramp-up
  • Understand how frontend and backend interact
  • Make pragmatic technology choices
  • Own problems end-to-end

Weak fullstack candidates:

  • Only comfortable on one side
  • Can't explain the other side's constraints
  • Struggle with context-switching
  • Need handoffs for anything outside comfort zone

Fullstack Interview Questions

Cross-Stack Understanding

Q: "A user reports the page is slow. Walk me through how you'd diagnose it."

Good answer covers both sides:

  • Network tab, load times (frontend)
  • API response times (backend)
  • Database query performance
  • Caching opportunities

Red flag: Only investigates one side

Integration Skills

Q: "How would you implement user authentication for this application?"

Look for:

  • Frontend: login forms, token storage, protected routes
  • Backend: authentication endpoints, session management
  • Security: HTTPS, password hashing, token security

Common Hiring Mistakes

1. Expecting Specialist Depth

Fullstack means breadth. If you need someone to optimize GraphQL at scale, hire a backend specialist. Fullstack engineers are generalists by design.

2. Testing Only One Side

If you only do frontend interviews, you'll hire frontend-leaning developers calling themselves fullstack. Test both sides appropriately.

3. Ignoring Integration Skills

The value of fullstack is seamless integration. Ask about connecting frontend to backend, debugging across the stack, and end-to-end feature ownership.

4. Conflating Junior and Fullstack

Junior developers often learn one stack first. True fullstack requires experience on both sides. Junior "fullstack" usually means "full-stack exposed" rather than "full-stack proficient."


Recruiter's Cheat Sheet

Resume Green Flags

  • Projects showing both frontend and backend work
  • End-to-end feature ownership mentioned
  • Multiple languages/frameworks across the stack
  • Experience with deployment and DevOps basics
  • Product-focused companies in history
  • Side projects demonstrating full-stack work

Resume Yellow Flags

  • "Fullstack" title but only one-sided projects
  • Heavy specialization in just one area
  • No mention of database or API work
  • Only large enterprise roles (often siloed)

Conversation Starters

  • "Tell me about a feature you built from start to finish"
  • "What's your typical frontend/backend split day-to-day?"
  • "How do you decide where to put logic—frontend or backend?"
  • "What do you enjoy more—frontend or backend?"

Technical Terms to Know

Term What It Means
Full-stack Works across frontend (UI) and backend (server)
REST API How frontend and backend communicate
ORM Object-Relational Mapping—database abstraction
SSR Server-Side Rendering—server generates HTML
SPA Single-Page Application—client-side rendering
CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete—basic operations
API Application Programming Interface—how frontend and backend communicate
Docker Containerization platform for consistent deployments

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Small teams (< 10 engineers): lean fullstack. Large teams with complex needs: lean specialists. Many companies use a mix: fullstack for product work, specialists for infrastructure and complex problems. Consider your team size, project complexity, and communication overhead.

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